Retrograde

Retrograde motion occurs when a planet appears to move backward through the zodiac from Earth's vantage point due to the relative orbital speeds of Earth and the planet. In Western astrology, retrogrades invite review, revision, and internalisation of the planet's themes. Mercury retrograde affects communication; Venus affects relationships and values; Mars affects action and drive. In Vedic astrology, retrograde planets (Vakri Graha) are considered stronger but more unpredictable.